java的Comparator接口详解

前面我们讲过Java提供了一个用于比较的接口Comparable,提供了一个比较的方法,所有实现该接口的类,都动态的实现了该比较方法。实际上Java中除了比较一个接口外，还提供了一个接口，该接口也是具有比较的功能，但该接口注重的却是比较容器，然后对其排序，这就是Comparator，下面我们就来具体认识一下；

首先看一下源码：

package java.util;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.function.ToIntFunction;
import java.util.function.ToLongFunction;
import java.util.function.ToDoubleFunction;
import java.util.Comparators;

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Comparator<T> {

    int compare(T o1, T o2);

    boolean equals(Object obj);

 
    default Comparator<T> reversed() {
        return Collections.reverseOrder(this);
    }

    default Comparator<T> thenComparing(Comparator<? super T> other) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(other);
        return (Comparator<T> & Serializable) (c1, c2) -> {
            int res = compare(c1, c2);
            return (res != 0) ? res : other.compare(c1, c2);
        };
    }

    default <U> Comparator<T> thenComparing(
            Function<? super T, ? extends U> keyExtractor,
            Comparator<? super U> keyComparator)
    {
        return thenComparing(comparing(keyExtractor, keyComparator));
    }

    default <U extends Comparable<? super U>> Comparator<T> thenComparing(
            Function<? super T, ? extends U> keyExtractor)
    {
        return thenComparing(comparing(keyExtractor));
    }

    default Comparator<T> thenComparingInt(ToIntFunction<? super T> keyExtractor) {
        return thenComparing(comparingInt(keyExtractor));
    }

    default Comparator<T> thenComparingLong(ToLongFunction<? super T> keyExtractor) {
        return thenComparing(comparingLong(keyExtractor));
    }

    default Comparator<T> thenComparingDouble(ToDoubleFunction<? super T> keyExtractor) {
        return thenComparing(comparingDouble(keyExtractor));
    }
    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> Comparator<T> reverseOrder() {
        return Collections.reverseOrder();
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> Comparator<T> naturalOrder() {
        return (Comparator<T>) Comparators.NaturalOrderComparator.INSTANCE;
    }

    public static <T> Comparator<T> nullsFirst(Comparator<? super T> comparator) {
        return new Comparators.NullComparator<>(true, comparator);
    }

    public static <T> Comparator<T> nullsLast(Comparator<? super T> comparator) {
        return new Comparators.NullComparator<>(false, comparator);
    }

    public static <T, U> Comparator<T> comparing(
            Function<? super T, ? extends U> keyExtractor,
            Comparator<? super U> keyComparator)
    {
        Objects.requireNonNull(keyExtractor);
        Objects.requireNonNull(keyComparator);
        return (Comparator<T> & Serializable)
            (c1, c2) -> keyComparator.compare(keyExtractor.apply(c1),
                                              keyExtractor.apply(c2));
    }

    public static <T, U extends Comparable<? super U>> Comparator<T> comparing(
            Function<? super T, ? extends U> keyExtractor)
    {
        Objects.requireNonNull(keyExtractor);
        return (Comparator<T> & Serializable)
            (c1, c2) -> keyExtractor.apply(c1).compareTo(keyExtractor.apply(c2));
    }


    public static <T> Comparator<T> comparingInt(ToIntFunction<? super T> keyExtractor) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(keyExtractor);
        return (Comparator<T> & Serializable)
            (c1, c2) -> Integer.compare(keyExtractor.applyAsInt(c1), keyExtractor.applyAsInt(c2));
    }

    public static <T> Comparator<T> comparingLong(ToLongFunction<? super T> keyExtractor) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(keyExtractor);
        return (Comparator<T> & Serializable)
            (c1, c2) -> Long.compare(keyExtractor.applyAsLong(c1), keyExtractor.applyAsLong(c2));
    }


    public static<T> Comparator<T> comparingDouble(ToDoubleFunction<? super T> keyExtractor) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(keyExtractor);
        return (Comparator<T> & Serializable)
            (c1, c2) -> Double.compare(keyExtractor.applyAsDouble(c1), keyExtractor.applyAsDouble(c2));
    }
}

我们设计类的时候，可能没有考虑到让类实现Comparable接口，那么就需要用到另外的一个比较器接口Comparator。

从之前的实例我们可以发现，compareTo(T o)只有一个参数，而Comparator接口中必须要实现的compare(T o1,T o2)就有两个参数。

例如：

class StudentComparator implements Comparator<Student>{  
  
    @Override  
    public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {  
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
        if(o1.getScore()>o2.getScore())  
            return -1;  
        else if(o1.getScore()<o2.getScore())  
            return 1;  
        else{  
            if(o1.getAge()>o2.getAge())  
                return 1;  
            else if(o1.getAge()<o2.getAge())  
                return -1;  
            else   
                return 0;  
        }  
    }  
      
}  
  
  
public class ComparableDemo02 {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
  
        Student stu[]={new Student("zhangsan",20,90.0f),  
                new Student("lisi",22,90.0f),  
                new Student("wangwu",20,99.0f),  
                new Student("sunliu",22,100.0f)};  
        java.util.Arrays.sort(stu,new StudentComparator());  
        for(Student s:stu)  
        {  
            System.out.println(s);  
        }  
    } 

上面依然是对student对象数组进行排序，用的都是Array.sort方法，不同的是实现comparator接口时，sort方法需要传进来两个参数，即stu对象数组，以及重写的实现了comparator比较方法类。

我们这里只是简单了解了Comparator的方法